Adjust the oven temperature to 160°C (or 140°C for fan ovens).
In a saucepan, combine the butter, sugar, and vanilla extract. Place this over medium-low heat. Once the butter has melted, whisk the mixture to ensure sugar integration. Leave the mixture undisturbed until it begins to simmer.
Upon observing bubbles, incorporate the sweetened condensed milk into the saucepan. Continuously whisk this mixture for about 5 minutes, ensuring it doesn’t burn. Once larger bubbles start forming at the bottom, whisk for an additional minute.
Pour the caramel mixture over the pre-baked base, ensuring an even spread.
Place the pan in the oven and bake for 12 minutes. Any browning or splotches on the surface are typical and not a cause for concern. Allow the caramel to cool at room temperature for 20 minutes. Subsequently, place it in the refrigerator for 30 minutes.