Preheat Oven & Prepare Dish: Preheat oven to 375°F (190°C). Lightly grease a 2-quart casserole dish with butter or cooking spray.
Cook Cauliflower: Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil. Add cauliflower florets and cook until fork-tender, 6–8 minutes. Drain thoroughly and transfer to the prepared casserole dish.
Prepare Alfredo Sauce: In a medium saucepan, melt butter over medium heat. Add minced garlic and sauté until fragrant, 1–2 minutes. Do not brown. In a separate bowl, whisk together half-and-half, cornstarch, Italian seasoning, salt, and pepper until smooth. Gradually pour the mixture into the saucepan, stirring constantly. Cook until the sauce thickens to a custard-like consistency, 3–4 minutes.
Finish Sauce & Assemble: Remove saucepan from heat. Stir in Parmesan cheese until fully incorporated. Pour the Alfredo sauce evenly over the cauliflower. Sprinkle shredded mozzarella cheese across the top.
Bake: Bake uncovered for 15–20 minutes, or until the sauce is bubbling vigorously and the mozzarella is golden and melted.
Garnish & Serve: Remove from oven and let rest for 2–3 minutes. Garnish with chopped parsley and serve warm.